Management Principle

Management Principle

2006

Literature in the field of Management discusses various stages of the latter and covers approximately 100 years of development from Max Weber 's early work up to the present . From perspective , Management has been developed on the shoulders of giants ' There is a great variety of intellectual ancestors confounding neat categorization and periodization of Management . As a distinct discipline , Management has a hundred-year-old history since many of its component parts derive from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century . From the critical standpoint , views on Management of

its founding fathers ' like Frederick Taylor , and others and modern practitioners differ substantially . For instance , Montana and Charnov (2000 ) distinguish several stages /perspectives of historical development of managerial thought , particularly classical perspective , behavioral perspective perspective of management science , the contingency perspective and theory Z

From the very beginning the study of management witnessed the Classical approach developed by Frederick Taylor , the father of scientific management . The heart of Taylor 's scientific management is easily summarized : set high standards of performance , train workers to meet them , enforce them strictly and pay fairly for high output . It is a model that remains viable and relevant to the present day . Taylor 's emphasis on clearly articulated , difficult goals , indeed , has been reverified as a sound approach to performance motivation through goal-setting research . Emphasis on performance against difficult goals is perhaps one of the most enduring and significant elements of high performance systems . According to Montana and Charnov (2000 ) Taylor .took each basic work and tried to determine the most efficient way of doing it and the most efficient way of combining the work units into a increased not only the production but also reduced employer 's need for skilled labor and brought down the cost through mass production . Taylor sought to apply scientific principles to human behavior . In his book Principles of Scientific Management ' published in 1911 , Taylor discussed major principles of Scientific Management , which included the following

Develop a science for every job , this science should include rules of motion , standardize work implements and proper working conditions

Carefully select workers who have the right abilities for the job

Carefully train these workers to do the job , then offer them proper incentives to cooperate with the job science

Support workers by taking responsibility for work planning and by smoothing the ways as they go about their jobs (Nelson , 1980 :78

The followers of Taylor like Frank and Lillian Gilbreth however , were inclined to emphasize the technical , engineering methods of scientific management such as time and motion study , work process analysis and piecework pay . Montana and Charnov (2000 ) effectively incorporate the accomplishments of Henri Fayol and his contributions to scientific management , particularly its approach from administrative perspective or so-called management of organizations . Fayol developed important and viable from modern viewpoint functions of management , namely planning organizing , commanding , coordinating and controlling (Montana and Charnov , 2000 :19 . Explaining the role of scientific management in the development of managerial theory , Montana and Charnov (2000 ) indicated that it...