Paper Topic:

Illness Intervention

Diabetes Mellitus

Signs and symptoms , causes , medical treatment and assessment

Diabetes mellitus refers to the chronic disease characterized by inability of the body to produce or make effective use of insulin , a hormone that is essential in carbohydrate metabolism , particularly the control of glucose in the blood . There are three types of Diabetes : 1 Insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus (IDDM ) or Type 1 2 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM ) or Type 2 and 3 Gestational Diabetes (Gatchel and Oordt , 2003 , pp . 40-41

IDDM is caused by insufficient production of insulin due to the

destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells , the type of cell which is responsible for the production and release of insulin . No single factor can be said to cause such destruction . Factors that are said to likely contribute to IDDM include genetics , nutrition , viral infections chemicals , and in utero environment . This type of diabetes usually sets in during youth between ages 11 to 14 (p .41

NIDDM is more common than IDDM . It is caused not by the destruction of beta cells but by a combination of beta cell dysfunction and obesity-induced insulin-resistance . It usually occurs among adults when adipose tissues accumulate to a point when it already blocks the contact between insulin and insulin receptors (p . 41

Gestational diabetes happens to less than 5 of pregnant women and is suspected to be caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy . This type of diabetes usually disappears after pregnancy but increases the risk of the mother of subsequently developing NIDDM (p . 41

While...

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