Historical Development in Turkey and Iran

Historical Development in Turkey and Iran

I . Introduction

Iran and Turkey are two Islamic countries that had undergone turmoil from its leaders but had survived . These two countries are rich in natural resources and continuously growing in every area of their economy , education and language and religion

This intent to scrutinize the historical development in Turkey and Iran

II . Discussion Iran

Iran or Islamic Republic of Iran is a country of southwestern Asia Until 1935 , it was known in the West as Persia . Iran is bounded by the Soviet

Union , the Caspian Sea , Afghanistan , Pakistan , the Gulf of Oman the Persian Gulf , and Turkey . The area is about 636 ,300 square miles (1 ,648 ,000 km2

A . Economy

After the World War II , especially during the 1960 's and 1070 's , much was done by the government to transform Iran into a modern , industrial nation . Industrial expansion and diversification were actively pursued as was land reform . The rapid rise in world petroleum prices in the 1970 's and large Iranian oil exports provided the nation with enormous amounts of money to invest . Industrial growth and rapid change resulted in social and religious unrest and a revolution in 1979 . Growth of the economy has subsequently slowed , partly because of a prolonged war with Iraq (Bakhash , 2004

Agriculture

Agriculture provides a livelihood for most Iranian but contributes only a small part of the gross national product (GNP . Farming methods are generally centuries-old , and 5 to 6 percent of the land is used for grazing livestock . Much more of Iran could be cultivated if water for irrigation were available . The construction of dams and irrigation systems has been a major undertaking by the government

Wheat , barley , rice , and other grains are Iran 's chief crops . Sugar beets and sugarcane are also grown in large amounts , as are vegetables and fruits . Other crops include cotton , tea , and tobacco . After poultry the most numerous farm animals are sheep , goats , and cattle . Many of the sheep and goats are herded by nomads in the drier parts of Iran (Bakhash , 2004

Mining

Petroleum and natural gas are Iran 's principal mineral resources . Iran has about one-twelfth of the world 's leading producers . Natural gas reserves are second only to those of the Soviet Union , but production is still relatively low . Crude and refined petroleum account for most Iran 's foreign exchange . Production is mostly from wells in or near the head of the Persian Gulf . Many other minerals , including coal and ores of iron , chromium , copper , lead , and zinc , are beginning to be mined on a large scale (Irving , 1999

Manufacturing

Iran 's manufacturing industries contribute substantially to the economy . The chief activities are petroleum refining and the making of petrochemicals . One of the world 's largest refineries is at Abadan at the head of the Persian Gulf . At Isfahan is a large steel plant , and Ahvaz has rolling mills and other cities . Motor vehicles , electrical appliances , and a wide variety of food and household items...