Genetics

Genetics : It is the branch of biological science concerns with the pattern and consequences of transmission of components of biologic inheritance through a lineage . It constitutes the genetic features and constitution of any single organism or set of organisms (Pearson 2006 . The modern study of genetics sees to the pattern of traits inheritance in a distinct way with the basic structural unit called gene . Gene in turn comprises a complementary double stranded DNA structure , a molecular compound with 4 discrete nucleotides that code inherited information . Each strand of DNA is made up

of a deoxyribose-phosphate skeletal backbone , purine and pyrimidine . Purine contains adenine (A ) and Guanine (G ) while pyrimidine has thymidine (T and cytosine (C ) protein bases

More than one nucleotides are held together by hydrogen bond and the only possible annealing is one of the four pairs - AT , GC , CG , TA . The annealing of nucleotides arranged in the gene directs the course of cellular transcription and translation into amino acid which is the biochemical constituent of proteins in the body-coding . The protein functions in the overall cell survival and the body at large . An unprecedented change due to what is known as mutation in DNA sequence results in a pronounced effect on the organism (or man . Many substances can predispose to this change it could be toxic or non-toxic chemical substances in food , radiations by radioactive elements , infections or genetic tendency inherited by an individual et cetera . There are over two hundred genetic diss identified . Often time the general...