• Functions of financial markets and intermediaries

Introduction

A financial intermediary is an organization that raises money from investors and provides financing for individuals , companies and other organizations . A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds between lenders and borrowers indirectly . That is , savers (lenders ) give funds to an intermediary institution (such as banks , and then that institution in turn gives those funds to spenders (borrowers . This may be in the form of loans or mortgages . For corporations , intermediaries are important sources of financing . Intermediaries are a stop on the road between savings

and real investments . The financial intermediaries in turn raise funds often in small amounts , from individual households . Two important classes of financial intermediaries include mutual funds and pension funds along with Credit unions and Brokerage houses . Financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies are not only financial intermediaries but they also provide other financial services such as loaning out money to individuals and businesses (Kavels and Arshadi , 1997

The basic function of financial intermediaries is to provide financial assistance to organizations and individuals . So , financial intermediaries help pool resources from households mostly , and then use these resources issuing them as loans to organizations or invest it in equities . They also contribute in many other ways to our individual well-being and the smooth functioning of the economy . Thus , another important function that emanates from the basic function of issuing cash to businesses is the efficient utilization of one 's savings . This helps increase the overall economic stability and improves the overall efficiency of the economy . Another important function provided by financial intermediaries is the absorption of risk . These intermediaries issue loans and invest money at their own risk , and are legally liable to pay them back to the initial investors incase of loss . Similarly incase of mutual funds , risk is reduced by efficient and professional portfolio management which results in a high degree of diversification The portfolio type varies with respect to how risk-averse or contrary the investor may be

Financial Intermediaries also act as a market for Firm 's Assets Financial intermediaries appear to have a key role in the restructuring and liquidation of firms in distress . In particular , there is rich evidence that financial intermediaries play an active role in the reallocation of displaced capital , meant both as the piece-meal reallocation of assets (such as the redeployment of individual plants and , more broadly , as the sale of entire bankrupt corporations to healthy ones . A key part of reorganization under main bank supervision or management is the implementation of a plan of asset sales with proceeds typically used to recover bank loans (Kavels and Arshadi 1997

In Germany a function of banks during reorganizations is to "use bank contacts to facilitate a merger with another firm as a means of resolving the crisis . Knowing possible synergies among firms , banks can suggest solutions for the efficient reallocation of assets and of corporate control and that in several countries there is widespread anecdotal evidence , though not quantitative one , on this...