Paper Topic:

FIELDS OF PHILOSOPHY MATRIX

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Fields of Philosophy Matrix

FIELD

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

KEY CONTRIBUTORS

PRINCIPAL ISSUES Epistemology

The study of the nature and causes of knowledge and its role in understanding phenomena . Plato /Socrates Defines Knowledge as Justified Belief (1963 ) Gettier challenges traditional knowledge definition by opining that belief and truth must both be present to qualify as knowledge

Various responses to Gettier problem include

Falliblism , reliablism , Empiricism - knowledge based on experience /perception

Rationalism - knowledge based in a priori reasoning p

Constructivism- knowledge based on convention , perception and social experience Plato /Socrates

Gettier

Descartes

Kant What is the true meaning of knowledge

Is the determination of true knowledge external or internal

How does the regress problem (Skepticism ) answer in theories of knowledge ?Metaphysics

The investigation of theories of reality that transcend science Treated as a fundamental philosophical from ancient times

Described by Aristotle in Metaphysics

Modern philosophers added marginally related s to the field

Some metaphysical s given their own categories

Some metaphysical s are considered fully physical

Ontology - study of the nature of things

Cosmology - study of the world as a and space

Natural theology - study of the nature of god Parmenides

Heraclitus

Aristotle

Democritus

Spinoza

Honderich

Leibniz

Descartes

Einstein What is the nature of Abstract objects or Universals

What is the origin , necessity and purpose of the Universe

Determinism versus free will

Identity and the nature of change

The nature of matter and perception Moral Philosophy

Theories of ethics how...

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