Expectancy Theory of Motivation

The expectancy theory of motivation states the relation between employee motivations and how satisfactory a reward is , the expectancy of achieving the target and the probability that a satisfactory performance would lead to positive results . The three elements mentioned in the theory are

Expectancy : it is the conviction a person hold about being able to achieve the goal . The confidence may come from knowledge , skills personality etc . an employee confident of achieving the goal , will be more motivated to work towards it

Instrumentality : when an employee feels that increase in performance

br would result in desirable rewards then it is called instrumentality Faith in senior management and including the employees in decision making will help build the factor

Valence : it is the expected satisfaction an employee wants after accomplishing a task . Every individual has different needs and wants so the rewards required also differ . Some may prefer monetary rewards while the other may opt for recognition . So the more appropriate a reward is the more desirable it is to the employee , and consequently he would work harder to achieve it

The theory states that if these three factors are provided together to an employee then he will be motivated to work productively . However if any of the factors are missing then an employee would not be able to give his best towards achieving the goal . So Vroom 's expectancy theory of motivation states that motivation is the product of valence instrumentality and expectancy

2 . The problem of insufficient efforts from employees...