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| Type of paper: | Research Paper |
| Subject area: | Anthropology |
| Academic level: | College |
| Style: | APA |
| Size: | 50.0 kB |
| Word count: |
2532 words/10 pages
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| Mark awarded: |  |
| Author: | Amanda Wade |
| Date submitted: | 2008-11-21 20:45:24 |
| Rating/Votes count: |
 
4.00 / 2
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| Tags: | intelligence, human, research, different, adaptation, humans, evolution, list, primate, World, Cambridge University Press, Vision, Human Primate Observation |
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I . Introduction There has been significant effort to elucidate the evolutionary history of the hominoid species over the last five decades . Several approaches have identified a number of selective pressures that have triggered primate speciation over approximately 65 million years (my . One traditional approach is macroevolution , which explains phylogeny through comparative anatomy , fossil records , brain size , gestation period , social organization and mating patterns . Another type of approach is microevolution , which describes molecular changes through time , including genome size , chromosomal rearrangements , gene reorganization and immunological data . Integration of results of these categorical studies plays an important role in the reconstruction of hominoid phylogeny . Attempts on estimating divergence times of each hominoid species are mainly based on morphometric analyses and molecular clocks . The hominoids are a fascinating species mostly because of their likeness to us humans , in terms of physical appearance , gestures , social structure and most importantly-- intelligence . These species have been identified as the best model organisms to study human diseases and other physiological functions . This paper discusses brain size , social organization and mating patterns in primates , in relation to the evolution of primate intelligence . Discussion Members of the Order Primates are the most-studied mammals in the animal kingdom , amidst the long-standing confusion in the classification of its species . This paper will describe aspects on the evolution of primate intelligence based on four (4 ) grades of primate evolution . The Superfamily Hominoidea is composed of several families , of which we will describe four (4 ) particular families or grades . Grade 1 (Lemoroids , is composed of members of the Family Lemuroidea , which are small to medium-sized primates with long , furry tails and slender bodies to facilitate their time spent on treetops . They have small hairy ears and small eyes and the second digit of their hind feet is enlarged for ``grooming ' purposes . These primates spend time both on trees and on land , with most of their activity performed during the day . Grade 2 (Tarsiers , consists of members of the Family Tarsiidae , which are small primates with round heads and extremely large eyes both facing forward . Their ears have minimal hair and their noses covered with hair . One particular feature of tarsiers is the differential length of their limbs - their hindlimbs are much longer than their fore limbs , a physical result of the elongation of their tarsals . These primates are active at night and spend most of their time on trees . Tarsiers forage on insects and capture their prey using their long digits that are equipped with toe pads . Grade 3 (Monkeys , is composed of members of the Family Anthropoidea , of which both Old World monkeys (Order Platyrrhini or flat-nosed ) and New World monkeys (Order Catarrhini or down-facing nose ) belong . Old World monkeys are generally terrestrial because their tails have lost their prehensile ability . Instead , they have accumulated sitting pads around their tails and their thumbs are opposable , just like humans . On the other hand , New World monkeys spend more of their time on trees because they have prehensile tails . Their thumbs are usually in... |
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