4 Essays Political Science

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Four Essays

Classical realism

Classical realism holds that the world is divided into many powers that govern specific localities , meaning that the entire world cannot be ruled by just one central government (Paterson et al , 2005b ,

. 251 Defragmentation of international governance means that each sovereign entity tries its best to serve best interests of its people . Classical realism thus sees countries as competitors in the global arena . The competition comes from different sources , including economic and political dominance , influence

over world events , and military superiority among others . Power and influence is garnered though amassment of economic resources that presuppose military strengths that helps players to gain respect and wider recognition . Having all players strive to gain economic resources means that competition between players get heightened through time (Paterson et al , 2005s ,

. 58 . However the competition is sometimes marked with dissatisfactions among the different players , who retort to the use of force as the way of protecting national interests . Confrontation between the players is solved through international laws that get developed through give-and-take negotiations that lead to conclusive agreements (Ikenberry , 2005 ,

. 125 . Sovereign entities abuse such international agreements in the same of protecting national interests , reason being that little actions can be undertaken against players . - players have to succumb to this reality . Classical realism further holds that relationship between the sovereign entities in the world is characterized by the dominance held by either party . Other than the sovereign entities , there are other players in the international systems , they include : individuals , non-profits , corporate , and citizen organisations . Classical realism takes these participants as lesser partners in the global system . That is , they are subject of states , and thus have little say or influence in the global issues involvement is limited to the national bs of sovereign states

Structural Realism

Structural realism also concentrates on the importance of an international system that provides nations with ways to interact with each other peacefully and in mutually beneficial ways (Paterson et al 2005s ,

. 254 . This international system regulates participation by constraining behaviors , meaning that there is little chance of the world having hegmon described in classical realism . In structural , there is international standard that all countries must reach in to be recognized by the rest and survive in this competitive world . Since there is no country that can dictate terms , structural realists state all countries as price takers , meaning that they compete on the same level playing field . However , countries that reach at the top of others in economic and military dominance end up sharing top global powers in accordance with their competitive advantages . This factor leads to the establishment of one of the following three kinds of international system (Paterson et al , 2005s ,

. 118 : Unipolar system , which means only one country has ended up dominating others militarily and economically bipolar system , which has two countries leading the world and thus share power and influence or multipolar system that has several countries share global...