Erik Erikson

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Running head : Erik EriksonErik Erikson [The name of the writer appears here]

[The name of institution appears here]Erik Erikson Trained as an artist , Erik Erikson was encouraged by Freud to study psychoanalysis , and graduated from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute in 1933 . He started his clinical work in the United States that same year , and has been a training analyst in Institutes of the American Psychoanalytic Association since 1942 . His career has included posts at Harvard and Yale schools of medicine , the University of California , as well as the Austin Riggs Clinic . He was professor of human development and lecturer in psychiatry at Harvard University , from which he retired as professor emeritus . Moving away from Freud 's emphasis on the biological-sexual components of early developments , his work has focused brightly on the critical and creative stages of personal development , the resolution of various identity crises , and the continued development of personality throughout life , a notion he has studied in various cultural and social settings . Erikson 's writings fill some dozen volumes . The high esteem accorded his work is proved by such prominent magazines as Time and Newsweek , which have referred to him as probably the most significant and wonderful psychoanalyst . Erik Erikson died on May 12 , 1994 , at a nursing home in Harwich , Massachusetts . Conceivably Erikson 's most distinguished contribution has been to broaden the scope of psychoanalytic theory . By discarding Freud 's contention that society must be a source of frustration and conflict , and by stressing the consequences of social and cultural influences on personality development , he has assisted to put together psychoanalysis and sociology . His psychohistories signify an attempt to combine psychoanalysis and history . On account of his emphasis on healthy and adaptive ego processes , psychoanalysis is no longer restricted to the study of those characteristics that clinical cases and more healthy individuals have in common . For these reasons , some critics regard ego psychology as the most important new way to be taken by psychoanalytic theory since its inception . These psychologists forcefully reject the stereotype of the rigid and dogmatic psychoanalyst , who cannot accept even the slightest deviation from the verbatim writings of Freud . They argue that psychoanalytic thinking is an ongoing evolution of new ideas , as evidenced by ego psychology and by such relatively recent alterations as object relations theory . The word identity crisis has become part of our everyday language . Erikson was one of the first analysts to treat children , also to plan valuable techniques of play therapy . His stress on adolescence appears preferable to Freud 's elite concern with childhood . Several modern psychologists accept the significance of basic trust , mistrust , autonomy , and identity . Erikson 's stage theory has attained greater...