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| Type of paper: | Essay |
| Subject area: | Health and Medicine |
| Academic level: | College |
| Style: | MLA |
| Size: | 47.0 kB |
| Word count: |
1171 words/5 pages
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| Mark awarded: |  |
| Author: | Roy Frye |
| Date submitted: | 2008-11-21 21:12:25 |
| Rating/Votes count: |
5.00 / 4
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| Tags: | care, brain, health, web, patient, treatment, mri, assessment, options, diagnosis, seizures, epilepsy, III, Duncan, EEG, Clinical, Clinical Research, acceleration, Roach, Buddhism Chandler, Bayon Temple, Jayavarman, Informa Health Care, Pharmacol, Consumer Directed Health Care, nocturnal |
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EPILEPSY OUTLINE I . Introduction 3 II . Etiology 3 A . Idiopathic or Constitutional Epilepsy 3 1 . Congenital abnormalities and perinatal injuries 3 2 . Metabolic disorders 3 3 . Trauma 3 III . Poor compliance of drugs leads to recurrence 4 IV . Clinical and EEG data 6 V . Monitoring plasma drug levels 6 VI . Dose reduction and recurrence 6 VII . Conclusion 7 I . Introduction The term epilepsy denotes any disorder characterized by recurrent seizures . A seizure is a transient disturbance of cerebral function due to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain . Epilepsy is common , affecting approximately 0 .5 of the population in the USA . This paper argues that treatment of epilepsy today is highly successful with those developing epilepsy becoming seizure-free and only a small percentage still retaining it with a difficult treatment on those cases (Tierney , 1993 . This paper argues that there is no one fixed drug or treatment for this condition and that a lot depends on the monitoring done by family , doctors and healthcare practitioners . II . Etiology Epilepsy has several causes . Its most likely cause in individual patients relates to the age at onset . A . Idiopathic or Constitutional Epilepsy : Seizures usually begin between 5 and 20 years of age but may start later in life . No specific cause can be identified , and there is no other neurologic abnormality . B . Symptomatic Epilepsy : There are many causes for recurrent seizures . 1 . Congenital abnormalities and perinatal injuries may result in seizures presenting in infancy or childhood . 2 . Metabolic disorders such as hypocalcemia , hypoglycemia , pyridoxine deficiency and phenylketonuria are major treatable causes of seizures and other metabolic disorders such as renal failure and diabetes may also be responsible . 3 . Trauma is an important cause of seizures at any age , but especially in young adults . Posttraumatic epilepsy is more likely to develop if the dura mater was penetrated and generally becomes manifest within 2 years following the injury . However , seizures developing in the first week after head injury do not necessarily imply that future attacks will occur . There is suggestive evidence that prophylactic anti-convulsant drug treatment reduces the incidence of posttraumatic epilepsy (Tierney , 1993 . There are other causes for epilepsy but these are the three major ones . What is important is that most of those who develop seizures , eighty percent are best treated with a single drug (Duncan , 1991 , p . 159 . However , most experts have not decided on the rate with which antiepileptic drugs must be tapered or discontinued in patients with active epilepsy . III . Poor compliance of drugs leads to recurrence It has been revealed that poor compliance , drug interactions and long-term toxicity can result if more than one drug is prescribed . There is no other goal in therapy except to have a complete seizure control with a single drug taken once or twice a day , without side-effects . If patients are not taken cared of well , there is a possibility that this will occur for a long time . Thus , precise classification of the types of seizure and of the kind of epilepsy is... |
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