Embryonic Stem Cell Research

: Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Specifications : 12 pages , 14 Sources , CSE Style

: language - is written in CSE (Council of Science Editors ) style

- should include a historical background of the , the current state of the issue from both a scientific and ethical perspective , and the future prospects including solutions to the problem

- is a review of a scientific issue and the societal / ethical issues relevant to it . Authors cited may be critiqued , but the is not a personal reflection expressing an opinion of the subject . It should be a balanced , scientifically objective

review of all sides of the issue

- a MINIMUM of twelve journal references is required , six of the twelve need to have been published within the last five years

- no quotes can be used in the

Stem cell research has been a very hot of discussion today . At the moment , the greatest number of clinical trials is being conducted in this field . It has shown immense number of benefits , and scientists are toying with the idea of using stem cells to replace organs like the kidney , degenerated nerve tissue , ore even clone an entire human being Before stem cell proliferations can be understood , the basics of cloning and its types need to be discussed

Cloning is defined as a process of making exact copies of the organism using its genetic material . Cloning is performed by two mechanisms namely : - reproductive cloning and embryo cloning . It can be done for several reasons (HGP 2006 . Reproductive cloning involves removing the genetic material from the nucleus of the adult cell (somatic cell ) and transferring to a fertilized egg cell . The modified egg cell , with the new genetic material is treated by a process known as `stimulation This ensures that the cell can multiply and differentiate into other types of tissues (HGP 2006 . Dolly , the Scottish Sheep , was created by this process . In the laboratory , the genetic material of a fertilized egg cell was transferred into the somatic udder cell . It reaches a certain stage in controlled lab conditions . After reaching this stage the cells were transferred into the womb of the female sheep so that it could develop further and be born by a normal process (HGP 2006 Ridley1999 . Cloning is frequently considered to be a process of creating exact copies of the individual , which look alike . However , it should be clearly understood that by cloning we are merely using the same genetic material . The two individuals would be having the same genetic material and need not look alike (Harris 1998 . In the case of Dolly , she did not appear similar to her parent sheep and many scientists began to consider the genuineness of the experiment

Embryo-cloning or `therapeutic cloning ' is a laboratory process of obtaining the embryo cells fro the purpose of research . The embryo cells are drawn out after the embryo reaches a certain stage of cell division consisting of about 50 to 150 cells (Harris...