Ecology

DEFFORESTATION

Before going into the issue of deforestation , I would like to define deforestation as the conversion of forest area land into a non-forest area for use . Deforestation can also be termed as the removal of trees without a proper form of reforestation

FORCES CONTRIBUTING TO DEFORESTATION IN THE TROPICS

Growing population : One of the strong forces that lead to deforestation is the rise in the number of population . This would be a very hard force to work against because , as the population increases , the demand for space and land where

they would live increases

Subsequent higher demand for agriculture : This is another factor that causes deforestation . They is an increase for demand in food production therefore , land which is major factor has to be provided and forests would be cleared for hat purpose

Livestock production : forests are also cleared jut for livestock productions

Fuel wood : The demand for fuel would increase the demand for wood , which makes the forest the only source . This is also a hard force to contend with because nothing seems to work without the use of fuel

Industrial use : The increase in industrialization has also brought about the increase for the demand of both landed space and wood for fuel . A country has to grow industrially but this development brings about a negative result on the climate and environment globally

Quality of life : The urge for a better quality of life has also brought about the clearing of land to build fancy things like resorts , hotels amusement parks and every other thing that makes life wonderful . Other things that wood is used for are fancy productions like furniture , art and houses . These are popular demands and it would be hard not to do them

PROBLEMS ARISING FROM DEFORESTATION

The removal of forests is causing environmental degradation and the reduction in biodiversity leading to the change in climate and earths geography . The oxygen we breathe comes from this plantation and therefore , the burning of this forest lead to the production of CO2 and global warming . Other areas of the earth it affects are Water cycle and water resources , causes Soil erosion , affects Landslides

TEENAGE GIRLS SMOKING

Studies have shown that they is an increase in the number of girls that smoke compare to boys and they tendencies of a girl smoking by the age of 18 and 19 years is high . The unfortunate cause of these actions differs from each of them and some of the causes are

Stress : Teenage girls faces a lot of stress as they grow into womanhood and one of the ways of controlling such stress makes them to resort to smoking

Peer Pressure : Another factor that makes teenage girls to smoke is the urge to feel among her mates and friends

Poor Background : One of the causes of teenage girls smoking is also because they do not come from a learned home . It could be that she has a parent with high school or less education , coming from a one-parent household , drinking alcohol , poor academic performance , and poor conduct

Environment : The environment from which these girls grow up makes them to be influenced in such a dangerous habit

APPROACHING THE ISSUE OF GIRLS MOKING

One of the major ways of approaching this issue is by organizing programs and talk shows for them . This is to educate them on the dangers of smoking and teach them on modes of handling peer pressures . Parents should also undergo training that would help them educate their child and teach them how to manage situations like this . This I believe would go a long way of curbing this harmful habit

WORLD HUNGER

I would certainly disagree with the points laid down by Anne Nadakavukaren in her book . This is because , so much has been put into the reduction of hunger worldwide and ensuring that everybody lives a healthy and productive life but yet there are about 800 million people still suffering from malnutrition and yet a large number suffering from obesity . There have been moves by the UN to reduce the number of hungry people by half by the year 2015 and of course supported by every leader in the world . But it is only a fruitless effort because the same leaders that supported this movement are doing little or nothing to pursue this effort to a fruitful end

The mode of reduction of hunger cannot work because there is no way to globalize the forms of improving agricultural production , Improve trade policies that favors large agricultural firms , and stop the discrimination of small-scale farmers . The results of the inaction of the required offices , causes the death of over 30 million people that die of malnutrition and starvation yearly

Food like grains that are suppose to be used for sustaining the poor are use for the rearing of livestock so as to provide food for the affluent The overdependence on chemically synthesized eateries like Cargill Monsanto , and McDonalds creates the situation of unhealthy feeding . All these companies seek out better ways of increasing their revenue by their huge adverts and food production . These are forms used in convincing consumers into buying their products

As long as there are unbalance among the rich and the poor , there would always be hunger in most pars of the world

This is to say that , while there are large number of people starving in a region , there is another large number suffering from obesity due to excess and unhealthy feeding . In other word , we can say that the author 's picture cannot work because unbalance distribution of food causes world hunger

Another major contribution to world hunger is the unstoppable trend of HIV /AIDS . This crisis plays a crucial role in the rising state of hunger causing a major crisis to more that 14 million people in southern Africa . It is a clear situation that hunger cannot be combated in an area ravaged by HIV /AIDS . Studies shows that , by the year 2020 , HIV /AIDS would killes about twenty percent of the agricultural working force . It is also known that there is an increase in hunger in the areas that have this disease because the resources that would be used for fighting hunger would be used for the managing of this diseases

REFERENCES

Whitney , Gordon G (1996 . From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain : A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America from 1500 to the Present . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0-521-57658-X

Williams , Michael (2003 . Deforesting the Earth . University of Chicago Press , Chicago . ISBN

Wunder , Sven (2000 . The Economics of Deforestation : The Example of Ecuador . Macmillan Press , London

Wald , G Jackson , B (1944 ) Activity and Nutritional Deprivation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 :255-263

Ron Nielsen (2006 . The Little Green Handbook : Seven Trends Shaping the Future of Our Planet , Picador , New York ISBN 14

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