Four Diseases

Four Diseases

A disease is a bodily dis or a dised state of an organ or organism . It can be defined as the malfunctioning of the body organs due to any reason . Four major diseases are described in this -1 African sleeping sickness , 2 ) Epidemic Typhus , 3 ) West Nile Disease , 4 Malaria

1 )African Sleeping Sickness

African Sleeping Sickness , also known as African trypanosomiasis is a systemic , parasitic disease in people and animal caused by protozoa of genus Trypanosoma brucei that is transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly

, a gray-brown insect about the size of a honeybee . These parasites are morphologically similar but cause dramatically different diseases African Sleeping Sickness is once again threatening many countries south of the Sahara Desert . Sleeping sickness has been a major problem in Africa in the past century . The disease was almost destroyed in the Nineteen-Sixties , but has since returned . It is estimated that 300 ,000 - 500 ,000 people are infected , and about 40 ,000 die every year . Three major epidemics have occurred in the past hundred years , in 1896 - 1906 1920 , and 1970 . African trypanosomiasis is confined to tropical Africa from north of South Africa to south of Algeria , Libya , and Egypt . Tsetse flies inhabit rural areas only , living in the woodland and thickets of the savannah and the dense vegetation along streams . Although infection of international travellers was considered rare , the number of cases in travellers , primarily to East African game parks , has increased in recent years . The World Health Organization says twenty to fifty percent of people suffer the disease in some villages in Angola , Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo

East African sleeping sickness is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , whereas West African sleeping sickness , also known as Gambian sleeping sickness , is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping sickness newly infects about 20 ,000 to 25 ,000 people each year and causes about 55 ,000 deaths each year . Each day , about 100 people die of the disease

It is contracted through seven species of tsetse flies in the genus Glossinaact as vectors of the disease to humans . The cycle begins when a fly bites an infected mammal and ingests the parasites . The protozoans multiply and develop over a series of weeks within the gut and salivary glands of the fly . When the fly bites another human or other animal host , the mature forms of the parasite enter the host , settling in the blood and spinal fluid . Humans can also contract West African sleeping sickness spread through maternal transfer , blood transfusion , or by organ transplant . Once a fly is infected , it remains able to transmit trypanosomiasis . The signs and symptoms of the infection are initially non-specific (high fever , rash , edema , or swollen glands ) but the disease progresses to encephalitis and meningitis . Symptoms begin with fever , headaches , and joint pains . If untreated , the disease slowly overcomes the defences of the infected person , and symptoms spread to anaemia , Endocrinology , and Cardiology and Kidney Diseases and diss . Symptoms generally...