Describe how China experienced the transition from the early modern to the modern period. How does this transition relate to world historical theories? This question involves identifying key elements of a society (social, political, economic, and cultural

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How China experienced the transition from the early modern to the modern period

World historical theories are those methods that attempt to study and analyze historical changes occurring in the world over a long period of time . Civilization analysis and the theory of world-system have been proposed as the most promising approaches and those that likely to give reliable information . Such study explores how different world civilizations have evolved through different empires and periods of war reflecting socio-political , cultural and economic changes that have

br taken place over a long duration of time . According to civilizationists and world system theorists human history does not result from one action after another but takes place through long-term patterns occurring in a very large scale and that it is of utmost importance that historians understand these patterns of historical change

One of the most famous theories of history change is one developed by a historian by name Arnold Tonynbee who defined civilizations as large scale societies that displayed common cultural attributes such as religious , linguistic , artistic and philosophical traits . He distinguishes civilizations from primitive societies by describing the former as dynamic and the later as static . According to Tonybee civilizations went through life cycles same as those of living organisms namely the stage of origin or genesis , the process of growing , breaking down and disintegration . Civilizations are faced with several challenges and the process of growth of any particular civilization is determined by the civilization response to these challenges and pressures . In for a civilization to experience genuine growth the society in which it is taking places must be able to overcome the material obstacles that are within it in to release the energy needed to respond to the challenges . All those civilizations that experience growth will reach peak level at which [point they now begin to lose strength and break down . After a certain duration of breakdown the process of integration beings to take place and soon the civilization goes out of existence

The theory of historical change through world system approach developed in 1974 defined a world system as any large scale social system that is autonomous exhibits a division of labor that is quite complex and has plural social and cultural compositions . According to the publisher of this theory , Immanuel Wallerstein the two most common types of world systems notable in history are world empires and world-economies World Empire are those that were unified along political and military strengths such as the different empires of Persia , India and China as well as the famous Roman Empire . World economies on the other hand lack military and political unification but were made up of several sovereign states or semi sovereign nations that were unified through economic production and trade . Wallerstein argued that most world economies have split apart or have been transformed into new world empires with the exception of the capitalist world economy

The early modern period refers to a period of history stretching over a...