Counseling Theory

Two Article Critiques on Counseling Theory : Articles of Ornstein (1998 and Riker (2003

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April 2 , 2007

Article Critique 1 : Psychoanalytic theory

SUMMARY : The conduct and process of psychoanalysis are sometimes defined by selfobject transferences that `mirror ' the true mind and feeling of the person concerned . In the first example , it is revealed that patients sometimes express `cross-sectional snapshot ' when they crave for recognition or admiration , as an effect of not feeling proud with their accomplishments . This `opening move ' would progress towards

br a convergence and then would progress resolutely , while the psychoanalyst deals with the pathognomonic selfobject transference that is reflected in the analytic atmosphere , to come up with the development of `trust ' and a `feeling of safety . Analytic relationship needs contribution from each of the individuals , which is why , in the process accepting , understanding and explaining past experiences are detrimental for a successful psychoanalysis . Understanding the fantasies , needs and demands leads to empathy . In the second example , it was described how patients ' responsiveness stems from accepting `their ' reality (Ornstein 1998 , par .22 ) as well as accepting `their ' meanings and functions of reality (Ornstein , 1998 , par .24

PREMISE : The process of empathy is the best way to conduct clinical psychoanalysis

PROCEDURE : Centrality of the concept of the selfobject transferences was emphasized by means of defining the nature of the process , by focusing on the experiences of the patients , and by coming up with some general statements made out of the details

FINDINGS : Empathy and selfobject transferences are the basis of self psychology

REACTION : This is reasonably true , since psychological treatment can only be successful with both ends (or individuals ) meeting at a common point

ARTICLE : Ornstein ,

.H (1998 . My current view of the psychoanalytic process . Retrieved April 2 , 2007 , from the Psychology of the Self database : HYPERLINK "http /www .selfpsychology .com /1998conf /abstracts /pre_Conference_Ornstei n .htm http /www .selfpsychology .com /1998conf /abstracts /pre_Conference_Ornstein .htm

Article Critique 2 : Existential theory

SUMMARY : The essence of the soul rests on `self-motion , while its reversal rests on passivity (Riker , 2003 , par .13 . As disintegrating forces would lead to passivity , then ethical breaks the repression made by passivity , so that there is self-motion and life in the soul . As reason and virtues control desires and emotions , then it leads to growth , development and actualization . However , in the modern concept of the soul 's life , [l]ife is that which must disrupt itself in to live (Raiker , 2003 , par .18 . It must be a free spirit that lives with the will-to-power soul of a child , which exceedingly values life itself . the willingness to live , as life is the motion of the soul This defines chaos as the proper breeding of a soul 's life , meaning that the most alive soul in the modern era is the `alienated individual ' that experiences struggle and isolation

HYPOTHESIS : There are different versions on how a soul may be able to achieve its life to the fullest , some of which are under self-motion passivity and...