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| Type of paper: | Essay |
| Subject area: | Ethics |
| Academic level: | College |
| Style: | APA |
| Size: | 37.0 kB |
| Word count: |
1412 words/6 pages
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| Mark awarded: |  |
| Author: | Tena Dickerson |
| Date submitted: | 2008-11-21 21:03:05 |
| Rating/Votes count: |
5.00 / 3
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| Tags: | people, research, employees, ethics, case, rights, conflict, parties, animals, population, interest, leaders, employer, reaction, industrial, concern, phi, obligation, critique, introduction, USA, Anne, Business Ethics, Stress, Davis, Answer, Disease Control, fro, Haworth Press, Kimball, Tuskegee Study, Tuskegee Syphilis, Public Relations Writer, Tuskegee Institute, Animal Research Debate, Animal Research, Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, writng, Norwell, Michael Davis, Industrial Domination Author Affiliation, Schlichtman, Tuskegee Study Participant |
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Running Head : CONFLICT BETWEEN RESEARCH AND ETHICS Name : University : Course : Date : Tutor : Introduction Conflict between research and ethics arises from a conscious awareness of perceived social consequences of research actions on the community . A genuine conviction exists within the medical fraternity across the board , that anything that can be done to enhance the lives and well being of people is a core duty . But that is set against another ethical claim , that we should do no harm . Right there is the conflict . This paper aims to look at this conflict . It becomes essential then , in light of this , to measure the benefits vis-a-vis the demerits . ``One method is to conduct a risk /benefit analysis to determine which action produces the greater benefit (good ) while limiting harm (evil (military medical ethics , volume 2 Pp 541 ) Various ethical issues are of concern to the moralists . One of them is the patients ' informed consent . A free and informed consent from a participant of a research , prior to the experiments is crucial . Plomer cites the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 : ``In any research on human beings , each potential subject must be adequately informed of the aims , methods , sources of funding , any possible conflicts of interest , institutional affiliations of the researcher , the anticipated benefits and potential risks of the study and the discomfort it may entail . The subject should be informed . After ensuring the subject has understood the information , the physician should then obtain the subjects freely given informed consent , preferably in writing . If the consent cannot be obtained in writing , the non-written consent must be formally documented and witnessed (Plomer , 2000 ) There is every sense in ensuring the subjects know all the details concerning the research as this affects critical decisions on participation or non-participation . In the case of Tuskegee Syphilis study for example , the subjects were misled to believe they were to receive free medical care (read tests ) and that the purpose of the experiment was to test for bad blood (a term used to describe a variety of illnesses then . They were not told , once tested , that they had syphilis or that the purpose of the test was to study the effects of untreated syphilis on living subjects (Jones 1981 . All the myriad of misinformation that was supplied to the Black-American men intended for the study was intentionally intended to hoodwink them to think that the research was intended to benefit them , a far cry from the truth . In the Tuskegee case study , we also realize that the subjects were pressured or felt coerced to be part of the study . The use of doctors , nurses , community leaders , black leaders and plantation owners were all aimed at this objective . People like doctors and other medical practitioners are all perceived as authorities in medical research issues . The community leaders are also opinion leaders . Use of all these people therefore , does nothing but pressurize subjects to agree to be part of the studies . Some of these leaders may even blackmail or arm twist their people to... |
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