Conductin a Literature Review; Data Collection

Running Head : Smoking to Cleft

Smoking in Pregnancy May Not Lead to Orofacial Cleft Defects in Infants (Student 's Name (School 's Name

Smoking cigarettes is a common habit that many women get into in their young age and find so hard to get rid of by the time it really matters to avoid it . Continuous studies on smoking and its effects on pregnancy have reported its possible disadvantages on the infant . Orofacial deformations like cleft lip palettes can not only cause embarrassment and poor self-esteem on the children but also add medical

costs to resolve it

In a study done by Dr . Rachel M . Freathy , et .al (2009 , women may find it hard to quit smoking during pregnancy because of a common genetic variant in the 15q24 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster . The study was made by observing the smoking habits of 7 ,845 pregnant women from South West England . According to the report , 34 percent of the samples with the addictive gene claimed to quit by their last trimester compared to the 47 percent of the women with the non-addictive gene Although the project provides the largest sample of women in an observational study related to pregnancy and smoking cessation , the manner of observation was based on self-reports done by the participants which lessens the credibility of the data

Orofacial cleft defects affects an estimated 0 .5 to 3 per 1000 births across all races (Krapels , et al , 2006 . These defects can be traced to many environmental factors...