Comparing, Corrupution&Organized crime in U.S. v. Afghanistan (criminal justice systems

Abstract

Currently , with the American war on terror and Operation Iraqi Freedom the relationship between the United States and Afghanistan is a hot . A key subject in the center of this controversy has to do with America 's foreign policy and its history of democratizing other nations but more telling is how this relationship between America and Afghanistan has made both nation 's judicial policies significantly influenced by organized crime . Where in America organized crime operates as a counter-culture to Wall street as it secretly funds fortune 500 hundred corporation , and

lobbies political favor , in Afghanistan it provides the region with its chief manufacture and directly funds terrorism . While America 's relationship with organized crime is bit more beneath the surface , the intricate nature of the corruption in America and Afghanistan and that shared between the two nations is undeniable

In their study Networks among Elites in a Local Criminal Justice System John

. Heinz and Peter M . Manikas assess the state of elite relationships and their affect on the criminal justice system . The data is collected fro a survey of 211 criminal justice administrators , news reporters and interest group leaders in Cook County , Illinois . In the study , the point how John Hagan (1989 ) has called for a "structural-contextual approach " to criminal justice theory because , in his view , existing theories "do not provide sufficient attention to the structural relationships that emerge from a joining of organizational and political forces in the direction of criminal justice operations (p . 117 . The main finding of their report is that there is a significant disconnection between the key enforcers of the criminal justice system and the political factions forming the policies . This disconnection allows for the American judicial process and organize crime to integrate . Organize crime in America thus takes on multiple forms , all of which are below the radar , and many of which have white collar connections through illegal revenue streams being laundered into corporate America . No criminal conviction better exemplifies this concept than the Enron scandal

Enron 's business risks stemmed from mediating investments of potential energy contracts . The problems arose when execs stepped out of this arbitrational position and began entering into contracts with buyers and sellers of energy . Dealing with contracts that extended into overseas markets , specifically Europe , the business risks increased and eventually reached a climactic high when the company worked as an intermediary on web supplier contracts , and started a commodity sales site . Enron 's act of overextending its resources involved the company in global energy projects , and made them ever more likely to produce misstatements as many of these investments were destined to default despite the fact that Enron execs had already set their sights on showing a perpetual growth in their stock . Through the use of the SPE Enron was able to project the image of growth . While Enron had debt the SPE would borrow money for Enron 's day to day business activity allowing the Enron shares to appear valuable . The SPE...