Comparing and Contrasting

models of intelligence

2004

Model of intelligence according to Spearman

Charles Spearman (1863-1945 ) was an English psychologist . He proposed the first method of estimate reliability of psychological tests Spearman tried to unite psychological theory of intelligence with theory of physical measurements and correlation methods based on these researches he laid the grounds of factor analysis of intelligence (Spearman 's model of intelligence

The category : factor-analysis theory of intelligence . Specifics : In this model we single out general factor , in accordance with which intelligence is examined as some certain mental energy , the

level of which determines successfulness of solving test tasks of any character

General factor of intelligence plays the most important role when you solve tasks for abstract relations , and the fewer roles it plays when you solve sensor tasks . There are also group ' factors of intelligence , which contain mechanical , linguistic , mathematic competence as well as special factors , which have their contribution only in separate intellectual tests

Spearman 's model of intelligence has two factors : general factor `g ' is actually , intelligence , he essence of which is brings to individual differences in mental energy (which contains sum of results of all test tasks ) and factor `s (Has S . Paik , 1998 , which characterizes specifics of each concrete task

Spearman differentiates level attributes of intelligence

- Indexes of forming of main sensor-perceptive and verbal functions

- Combinatory attributes (ability to find out connections between stimuli

Spearman brings intelligence to three main components : experience perception , revelation of relations ' and revelation of correlation . We have to add that experience cannot be built without participation of constructive assimilation . Revelation of relations we bear in mind as operations in its meaning (series or symmetrical relations . What about revelation of correlation (presentation of feature connected with relation , has tendency immediately arousing knowledge about correlation feature , it is adequate to such certainly definite groupings ' as multiplicative groupings ' of classes and relations

Model of intelligence according to Gardner (The theory of multiply Intelligences

In contrast to Spearmen , Gardner has another , completely different structure of intelligence (he developed the Model of intelligence proposing that there can be several certain independent intelligences According to him , it consists of 7 independent modules , seven independent intelligences (Gardner , 1983

Linguistic intelligence (verbal abilities in common , but specially ability to understand subtle shades of meanings

Logical-mathematical (ability to ratiocinate

Spatial (ability to percept and to draw spatial schemes

Musical (ability to singing , playing different musical instruments music composition

Corporal- kinetic (ability to control muscle motions in dances athletics and usage of instruments

Interpersonal (social skills , including possibility to understand and respond in special way for somebody 's non-verbal message

Intra-personal (ability to understand somebody , including somebody 's emotions and desires using of things that you understood , modifying your behavior

In different cultures people make accent on forming of different modules (intelligences . Each of them is presented by vertically located levels perception , memorization and learning

So , actually , these are two completely different psychological schools which have different concepts on the nature of intelligence

Works Cited

1 . Gardner , H...