Case Study Review

p Anxiety diss are so heterogeneous that the relative roles of these factors are likely to differ . Anxiety development is a combination of life experiences , psychological traits , and genetic factors , and are higher in females than males through this is attributed to gonadal steroids Anxiety diss often are conceptualized as exaggerated version of arousal

Anxiety , is a result of different types of internal or external factors or triggers that act to produce the symptoms of panic dis agoraphobia , post-traumatic stress dis , specific phobias generalized anxiety dis , and the prominent anxiety that

commonly occurs in major depression external stressor , which can be physical or psychosocial in nature ) which results to instantaneous surge in heart rate , blood pressure , sweating , breathing , metabolism , and a tensing of muscles essential for mobilizing fast action . The major player in the acute stress response is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and prolonged discharge of the locus ceruleus activates the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (Thase Howland , 1995

Acute stress response relates to arousal rather than anxiety .Anxiety differs from arousal in several ways : - First , the concern about the stressor is out of proportion to the realistic threat . Second , it 's often associated with elaborate mental and behavioral activities designed to avoid the unpleasant symptoms of a full-blown anxiety or panic attack . Third , usually longer lived than arousal . Fourth , anxiety can occur without exposure to an external stressor (Barlow , 1988 Nutt et al , 1998

The hippocampus governs memory storage and is important in verbal memory especially of time and place for events with strong emotional overtones the amygdala govern emotions (McEwen , 1998 .They both are major nuclei of the limbic system , a pathway known to underlie emotions . Researchers have long established the contribution of the HPA axis to anxiety but have been perplexed by how it is regulated . They are buoyed by new findings about the roles of the hippocampus and the amygdale (Goddard Charney , 1997 Coplan Lydiard , 1998 Sullivan et al , 1998

The information in the additional reading compare directly to the information presented in the course textbook in that it outlines the most common stressors as psychological and social . In adults they include the breakup of intimate romantic relationships , death of a family member or friend , economic hardships , racism and discrimination poor physical health , and accidental and intentional assaults on physical safety (Holmes Rahe , 1967 Lazarus Folkman , 1984 Kreiger et al , 1993 ) Groups at greater statistical risk include women , young and unmarried people , African Americans , and individuals with lower socioeconomic status (Ulbrich et al , 1989 McLeod Kessler , 1990 Turner et al , 1995 Miranda Green , 1999

Here are questions after reading the article : - What are the biological measures to eliminate anxiety diss , Why is it that same drugs used to treat anxiety like Diazepam have multiple active metabolites , which increase the risk of carryover ' effects such as sedation and hangover , What precautions should put in place to eliminate this effects , Why is it that Asians are more likely to metabolize diazepam more slowly ? Why it that...