What makes Canine parvovirus species specific?

Colostrum . CPV can be transmitted through oronasal exposure to contaminated stool , hair coat , and formites or vectors such as contaminated instruments , insects , and rodents (Skellenger , 2008

Canine Parvovirus is considered to be a host specific virus since it only affects the Canidae or canine family . The host specificity of the CPV can be explained in the cellular level . In for a viral particle to infect the host cell , it must begin with attachment to the host cell , penetration into the cytosol , uncoating and injection its nucleic acids inside the cell , and targeting

the genome and any required accessory proteins toward the correct cellular organelle or compartment for replication (Vihinen-Ranta , 2004 . The virus , Canine Parvovirus in particular can accomplish it through its nveloped capsid (protein coat ) which is very specific to what host cells it can attach to (Hueffer et al . 2003 . The entry and infection of the viral particles with nveloped capsid is initiated with receptor-mediated endocytosis unlike to those enveloped viruses which entry is initiated with glycoprotein-mediated fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular membrane . The specificity of CPV is controlled on its cell binding abilities . The CPV use the feline transferrin receptor (TfR ) for the binding and infection of feline cells . Binding of CPV to the canine TfRs is controlled by the interactions between the apical domain of the TfR and a raised region of the capsid . Aside form the raised region of the capsid , there are other two regions where the host range-controlling residues are located . Meanwhile , it should be noted that it is the sequences of the residues of the capsid that controls the host specificity of the CPV . The three residues are found to be different from FPV isolates and CPV type 2 . Alterations in the three residues of the capsid allowed the virus...