THE COLONIAL LEGACY OF LATIN AMERICA.

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John Q . Student

Wright State University

There is a colonial legacy left behind from past days which Latin Americans must deal with . One of the earliest questions that Skidmore Professor of History and Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at Brown University , poses to his readers in Brazil : Five Centuries of Change ' concerns nation building . How is it that Brazil came to be the fifth largest country in the world ? The author explains that the

colonial Brazilian elite were able to maintain political legitimacy (and unity ) after independence , unlike Brazil 's Spanish-speaking neighbors who fragmented into many nations (Skidmore 1999

A colonial legacy of relations between the genders , class , race , and also Latin America 's place within the rest of the world , exists . Latin American nations share a common past of colonialism , independence wars poverty , authoritarianism , political instability , and foreign intervention . They differ , however , in the way they have tried to deal with this heritage . More recently , Latin American countries have embarked with uneven success in a process of democratization . Some countries have been quite successful in establishing stable democratic regimes (Chile , Uruguay . A few countries suffered significant setbacks in the 1990s (Peru , Ecuador . Others faced protracted crises that seriously called into question the viability of their democratic regimes (Argentina , Paraguay , and Venezuela (Carrion , 2005

Perhaps countries which have failed should take note of what successful countries did . What appears to be clear is that the shackles of colonialism must be broken . Perhaps this can be accomplished by means of the individualist theory . This is dual . One dimension is academic and intellectual , extending all the way from the School of Salamanca at the time when Latin America was an Iberian colony , to the handful of Latin American intellectuals who set out as early as the 1970s to debunk contemporary myths , among them Carlos Rangel in Venezuela and the pioneers of the Francisco Marroqunn University in Guatemala . The other dimension is practical , with ancient roots , traceable even under the suffocating states of the pre-Columbian world , in the customary behavior of native inhabitants who sought to obtain the elements of subsistence from nature and from social cooperation of various kinds . It is the daily struggle of ordinary men and women who survive by means of clandestine property and enterprise (Vargos Losa , 2004

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