The Bureau-Shaping Typology/Toolkit Approaches/Ecological Models

GOVERNMENT POLICY

We are dealing with government policy in a broad perspective but first of all we need to understand the term government and we would look at the governments ' policy . We will use the United States as a case study and analyze with practical examples

The United States officially has one president , but he occupies two offices . One deals with domestic political system , and the other deals with the international one . Inherent in that one of the three major dilemmas of the United States (as a democracy and as a superpower

br faces as it conducts its foreign policy . This fundamental dilemma might be summed up as governmental checks ad balances verses concentration of presidential power . In domestic matters it has always been considered vital to limit presidential power to preserve constitutional design of the American democracy . The nations fear and suspicion of concentrated power whether it existed in the governmental or economic area , the possession of power has been equated with its potential abilities and power therefore distributed domestically and vertically between the federal government and the states . Within the federal government it was separated horizontally among the executive , legislative and judicial branches

By contrast , the conduct of foreign policy- whose aim is safe guarding the nation 's security so that it may be preserved and enjoyed- requires a concentration executive power . In the international or state system where each state is its own protector and must rely primarily on its own resources and strength , the chief executive is usually considered the defender of national interests

Now lets quickly review the different types of polices

We have security and crisis policies

All states need foreign policy because they all exist in an anarchical world where each state lives in fear and must its own security . There is no world government individual states , each must guard itself I a system in which states view themselves as potential adversaries rather than friends . The analogy is the proverbial term of the old west ' where there is no law and and everyone lived in fear of one another and wore guns to protect themselves form any one who might to intend to rob them , take away their lands or just plain mean . State A might look at is neighbor and see it is arming itself . Is State B strengthening itself to deter a possible attack (A defensive action ) or is it preparing to attack (An offensive action ) State B might b declaring peaceful intentions and also declaring that its military power is increasing only to ensure State A or any other state does not attack it . But why should A believe its statement ? Once B 's capabilities have grown , it may attack . The declaration of a peaceful intent may have been deceitful or even if B had been sincere about its intentions earlier , it can after all change its mind once it realizes its improved position of power

The point of this simple analogy is that , in general , states distrust one another...