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Topic:  Biological Warfare


 

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Type of paper: Research Paper
Subject area: Philosophy
Academic level: College
Style: MLA
Size: 61.0 kB
Word count:
3322 words/13 pages
Mark awarded:  
Author: Ha Liu
Date submitted: 2008-11-22 00:35:12
Rating/Votes count:
5.00 / 1
 
Tags: war, use, marketing, history, sartre, strategic, chemical, weapons, biological, warfare, weapon, advancement, , State, Paul Sartre, Healthcare Workforce Report, Workforce Shortages, Hospital Workforce, Defense Special Weapons Agency, Antoine Roquentin, Using Biological Weapons, Improving Bioterrorism Preparedness, News Wednesday
Name
Professor
Subject
Date
Biological Warfare
War has been an inevitable part of human history . With advancements in
technology , the art of war has become sophisticated . Biological warfare ,
which is the ``use of disease causing microorganisms as military
weapons ' has been made possible by modern technology (``Biological
warfare . Although biological warfare has been utilized by certain
nations many centuries ago , the refinement of the method has taken a
different turn as attested by the anthrax attack in the US last 2001 .
Biological warfare can also be utilized to further a goal or cause .
Presently , rogue states develop and keep biologica1 agents to pose as a
threat to other countries . The detrimental effects of biological warfare
include mass casualty , tumultuous reaction within the targeted
population , and economic instability within a specific nation . Also , the
fact that producing it is inexpensive , easily accessible , difficult to
detect , and easy to conceal makes biological warfare the preferred
choice for people who do not have the means to elicit greater harm unto
others . But obtaining , preparing , and handling biological agents do not
come easy .
However , the use of biological warfare has been prohibited by the 1925
Geneva Protocol and the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention .
Unfortunately , there is no guarantee that every country that signed
these treaties will actually comply . There are nations that will do
anything to win a war . This brings up the issue regarding the morality
of war . Countries usually engage in war because they believe that they
are fighting for a just cause .
Nevertheless , wars always have foreseeable negative consequences . Even
if the intention is good , this does not make it morally right according
to the philosopher Thomas Aquinas . Thus , something that may seem good
might actually be bad , which is known as ulterior motive popularized by
Immanuel Kant . Also , Kant 's definition of goodwill and duty becomes
unclear when war happens because people distort its meaning to further
their own interest . In addition , one 's moral obligation , conned by Kant
as categorical imperative , is what people base their action on .
In contrast , Aristotle believes that a moral person will know what to
do when faced with any circumstance . Although during war , Mill 's
Utilitarianism concept is being used to justify the purpose of going to
war . Terms are bound to change when war happens because rational beings
enforce moral laws . Without humans , moral laws will not exist in the
first place . Hence , the meaning of words can be attributed to a group of
people . These people possess enormous power to be able to dictate to
society what something currently means or should mean .
Biological warfare has been used in war very early on . Near the end of
the French and Indian Wars (1689-1763 , ``a British military officer is
said to have given blankets infected with smallpox germs to a tribe of
Native Americans , resulting in their infection with the often fatal
disease (``Biological warfare . While German agents infected horses ,
mules and cattle of Americans with anthrax as they were...

 

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