Any of the following; state-building, political economy, democratization, political institutions, and political representation In relation to any pair of the following countries: France, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, China

Economic Nationalism in Japan and China

The political economy of a nation is the interplay between its politics and its economy . Economic nationalism , a part of the political economy wherever it applies , refers to the use of policies that are guided by the idea of protecting domestic consumption , labor , and capital formation , even when these policies require the imposition of tariffs in addition to other restrictions on the movement of labor , goods , and capital . In many cases , economic nationalism is opposed to globalization or unrestricted free trade . Economic nationalism could include

doctrines such as protectionism and import substitution (Economic Nationalism , 2007 . What is more , Japan is a master in the use of policies that define economic nationalism (Hall

To other nations around the world , Japanese economic nationalism appears as self-seeking behavior . Besides , this self-serving attitude of Japan can drive other nations also to feel particularly touchy about their own national interests with respect to Japan . Thus , Patrick J Buchanan (1995 ) speaks for the American people

With the collapse of U .S .- Japan trade talks , the hour of the economic nationalist may be at

hand

In British Columbia , U .S . demands that Japan open her markets to more American autos

and parts were rudely rebuffed . Japan 's top negotiator virtually dared us to impose sanctions

We will haul you up before the World Trade Organization . Tokyo warns and there we will

have you branded a violator of the free trade principles you so noisily preach - before an

international tribunal you yourselves set up

ECONOMIC NATIONALISM IN JAPAN AND CHINA

Page 2

Angry Clintonites intend to impose 100 percent tariffs on 6 billion of Japan 's exports . This

doesn 't even qualify as a spanking . Americans are in a mood for action and the GOP should

demand more serious sanctions . Enough is enough

In 1953 , we had 60 percent of Japan 's auto market by 1960 , our share had been slashed to

1 percent . That is all we have now . Since 1970 , Japan has purchased 400 ,000 U .S . cars , while

selling us 40 million

Nationalism is emotion arousing . And , Luke S . Roberts (1998 ) seems to know about the subconscious roots of economic nationalism in the Japanese mind . According to the author , these roots lie in an eighteenth century concept of political economy referred to as kokueki ' or national prosperity ' The concept of kokueki was articulated in Tosa , which was one of more than 230 Japanese domains that made up Japan during the Tokugawa period . The domains were autonomous with regards to internal administration . Nevertheless , they were often expected to sacrifice their own economic interests to meet obligations and services required by the shogun and his government

During a period of economic crises in the first half of the eighteenth century , Tosa was compelled to adopt mercantilist policies in to protect its own wellbeing . The concept of kokueki was at the heart of these policies . In this way , Tosa looked upon itself as a nation instead of holding itself responsible...