African American Civil Rights Movement

African American Civil Rights Movement

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African American Civil Rights Movement

Abstract

The purpose of this was to attempt to describe the origins and causes of African American Civil Rights Movement . It examines how nonviolence had a greater impact in bringing about legal , social , and cultural changes in the African American civil rights movement in the United States from the beginning of 20th century . The legal , social , and cultural change that occurred through the utilization of nonviolent methods are measured in terms of legislative

changes court decisions administrative decisions at the federal , state , and local levels desegregation and change in cultural attitudes . The provides a history and overview of major African American civil rights campaigns in the United States from 1870 to 1965

Outline

Background - traces the origins of Civil Rights Movement

Early Years - describes first actions taken and organizations formed

Further Development - examines development of Movement in 1930s and 1940s

The 1950s - depicts the events occurred throughout 1950s

The Climax of The Struggle - describes the most important period for Movement

Epilogue - provides some conclusive remarks

Background

Acts of protest have been occurring since the time African Americans lay shackled in the bowels of slave ships , labored in the fields of Southern landowners , and settled in urban ghettos . Early forms of protest were evident in the slave revolts , the Garvey movement , and riots (Morris Organized resistance by African Americans to the humiliation and inconvenience of segregated public facilities began to surface in the latter part of the 19th century . In the 1870s African Americans successfully boycotted streetcars in Savannah , Georgia . Through a concerted effort they were able to desegregate streetcar transportation in four other Southern cities . However , similar boycotts staged between 1900 and 1907 in 26 Southern cities were unsuccessful (Blumberg 19

On May 18 , 1896 , the United States Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of Plessy v . Ferguson . In this famous ruling , the Court upheld the idea of separate , but equal (Groves 66 ' As a result of the ruling there was an expansion of Jim Crow laws around the country Whites and blacks were separated on street cars , taxi cabs and busses Colored ' entrances appeared at all manner of businesses . Parks drinking fountains , and even elevators where split into white ' and colored (Lyons 38

The ruling had a stunning effect on the education situation for African-Americans . Ten years after the Plessy decision , schools in Georgia were spending eighty cents for the white child and twenty on the Negro ' according to the Georgia Equal Rights Convention . Twenty years after the ruling , the school system of South Carolina was spending 12 .37 on every white student 1 for every Negro ' There were only 64 high schools for African-American children in the entire South . Not one public medical or law school existed (Sterling 101 African-Americans had become second-class citizens in their own country

Early Years

The system of segregation that had sprung up in the South soon spread around the country . Cities such as...